Everyone has bacteria in their mouth. Bacteria form plaque on teeth and when plaque is not removed consistently and efficiently through proper oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist, inflammation can occur in the gum. This inflammation is called gingivitis. Gingivitis is reversible and usually does not have lasting effects once treated. Beneath the gums, teeth are supported by the bone and attached by the periodontal ligament. Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, where the bone and periodontal ligament become inflamed. This results in the formation of periodontal pockets, deep spaces between the gums and teeth where bacteria thrive and cannot be effectively removed, creating a cycle of inflammation. Periodontitis can also cause bone loss, compromising tooth support and potentially lead to tooth extraction if left untreated.

Treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis typically involves a specific sequence of care. Non-surgical therapies like scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) are commonly employed, while surgical interventions like pocket reduction may be necessary in some cases. Each case requires an individualized treatment plan. It is essential to address any inflammatory periodontal disease to ensure a solid foundation for various dental treatments such as crowns, bridges, removable partial dentures, and implants, as they rely on a healthy bone support.